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Micro V Doppler assessment of testicular blood supply in the pediatric age population: may reduce the need for senior guidance in the evaluation of prepubertal torsion


1. University of Health Science, Department of Radiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman, Turkey

2. University of Health Science, Department of Radiology, İstanbul Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey

3. Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital, Department of Radiology, İstanbul, Turkey

4. Tokat State Hospital, Department of Radiology, Tokat, Turkey

5. University of Health Science, Department of Radiology, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey


DOI : 10.33719/yud.2022;17-2-1030239
New J Urol. 2022; 17(2):64-73
Abstract

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the in-ability to achieve and maintain a penile erection adequate for satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED is affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-70 year age range. ED is generally considered as a manifesta-tion of a functional and/or structural abnormality affecting the penile circulation. The current treat-ment modalities in the management of ED mainly consist of oral pharmocotherapy, intracavernosal injections and implantation of penile prosthesis. In recent years, new therapeutic strategies as low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT)  have been estableshed for the treatment of ED. LI-ESWT induces cellular microtrauma, which in turn stimulates the release of angiogenic factors and subsequent neovascularization of the treated tissue. Animal studies have shown that LI-ESWT significantly improves penile hemodynam-ics and restores pathological changes in the penis.  Recent studies have reported that LI-ESWT could partially restore corpus cavernosum fibromuscular pathological changes, endothelial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy.

In this review, the history, the effect mecha-nisms, in vitro and  animal studies and the clinical use in ED  of LI-ESWT  were reviewed with cur-rent literature.

Key Words: Erectile dysfunction, therapy, low-intensity extracorporeal shock waves

Abstract

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the in-ability to achieve and maintain a penile erection adequate for satisfactory sexual intercourse. ED is affecting almost 50% of men in the 40-70 year age range. ED is generally considered as a manifesta-tion of a functional and/or structural abnormality affecting the penile circulation. The current treat-ment modalities in the management of ED mainly consist of oral pharmocotherapy, intracavernosal injections and implantation of penile prosthesis. In recent years, new therapeutic strategies as low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT)  have been estableshed for the treatment of ED. LI-ESWT induces cellular microtrauma, which in turn stimulates the release of angiogenic factors and subsequent neovascularization of the treated tissue. Animal studies have shown that LI-ESWT significantly improves penile hemodynam-ics and restores pathological changes in the penis.  Recent studies have reported that LI-ESWT could partially restore corpus cavernosum fibromuscular pathological changes, endothelial dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy.

In this review, the history, the effect mecha-nisms, in vitro and  animal studies and the clinical use in ED  of LI-ESWT  were reviewed with cur-rent literature.

Key Words: Erectile dysfunction, therapy, low-intensity extracorporeal shock waves

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